SSP Scenarios (Shared Socioeconomic Pathways) represent different future emissions trajectories:
SSP245: Moderate mitigation, ~2.7°C warming by 2100 SSP370: Medium-high emissions, ~3.6°C warming SSP585: High emissions (fossil-fueled), ~4.4°C warming
CMIP6 Climate Models used to drive CHAZ hurricane simulations. Different models have different assumptions about physical processes. Multi-Model Mean averages all 6 models to reduce individual model biases.
Return Period is the average time between events of this intensity. A 100-year wind speed has a 1% chance of being exceeded in any given year. Higher return periods show rarer, more extreme events.
Circle: Individual data points as colored circles Heatmap: Continuous heat visualization showing intensity density Contour: Isolines connecting points of equal wind speed
Contour values in mph
2,134 land points
Wind Speed
m/s
km/h
mph
0-20
0-72
0-45
20-30
72-108
45-67
30-40
108-144
67-89
40-45
144-162
89-101
45-50
162-180
101-112
50-55
180-198
112-123
55-60
198-216
123-134
60-70
216-252
134-157
70-80
252-288
157-179
80+
288+
179+
CHAZ Hazard Maps
Columbia Hazard tropical cyclone model Data source (Dryad) Paper: Meiler, Lee, Sobel, Camargo (2025) Visual Tool: Paul Fishwick & Claude Code